Oral Challenge

An oral challenge is a procedure performed under medical supervision in which a person takes a food or medication by mouth in order to assure that no allergic reaction occurs. There may be several steps involved, in which increasing doses or amounts of the food or drug are given. There may also be placebo steps in which placebo drugs are given.

Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions may occur with this procedure, including but not limited to, any or all of the following symptoms:

  • Itchy eyes, nose, or throat;

  • Nasal congestion;

  • Runny nose;

  • Tightness in the throat or chest;

  • Coughing or wheezing;

  • Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness;

  • Nausea and vomiting;

  • Hives or generalized itching;

  • Low blood pressure;

  • Shock, under extreme conditions

Risks

Reactions can be serious, and rarely, fatal. If the patient is 17 years of age or younger, a parent or legal guardian must be present during this time. The patient's vital signs and clinical status will be monitored periodically throughout the procedure. If the patient develops a significant reaction, treatment may include oral/intramuscular steroids, antihistamines, and possibly injectable epinephrine. If the reaction is severe enough, transport to the nearest emergency facility may be necessary.

This procedure is recommended to ensure the patient does not have an allergy to the offending agent, but is not strictly required, and avoidance of the offending agent can be continued.